In its announcement of the award, the Swedish Academy praised the author's exploration of war on Danzig (now Gdansk), his home town. "Here he comes to grips with the enormous task of reviewing contemporary history by recalling the disavowed and the forgotten: the victims, losers and lies that people wanted to forget because they had once believed in them.

The anguish of war and the social and political problems that West Germany faced before reunification are the principal concerns in his novels. Die Blechtrommel (1959; tr. The Tin Drum, 1961), which brought him world renown, reveals his bizarre sense of humor.

His second novel, Hundejahre (1963; tr. Dog Years, 1965), is a monumental work that aroused considerable controversy.

Grass's early poems and plays are marked by a sensitivity for imagery and a tendency toward symbolism and ambiguity (see Selected Poems, tr. 1966; New Poems, tr. 1968; Four Plays, tr. 1967). His later works reflect a period of intense political activism. Student unrest in Berlin and the political “generation gap” are the themes of his novel Ortlich betaubt (1969; tr. Local Anaesthetic, 1970) and a play adaptation, Davor (1970; tr. Max, 1972).

Grass's reflections on his life in Berlin and his political activities are the basis for the novel Aus dem Tagebuch einer Schnecke (1972, tr. From the Diary of a Snail, 1973).

His other works include a collection of speeches and open letters entitled Speak Out! (tr. 1969), and the novel Inmary praise (tr. 1974).